Classification of Accident Causes on Highways in Minas Gerais Using Machine Learning
Keywords:
Supervised Learning, K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Support Vector MachineAbstract
Road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of global mortality, especially among young people and adults, and they have significant impacts on essential areas such as health and the economy. This study aims to compare and select a model to classify the causes of accidents on federal highways in Minas Gerais, Brazil, using data processing methods and Machine Learning techniques. Data from the Federal Highway Police, from January 1, 2023, to September 30, 2023, were used to analyze the Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) algorithms. The SVM showed the best accuracy and Kappa index, while the RF had reasonable performance, and the K-NN was inferior and slower. The analysis reinforces the importance of carefully choosing the model, considering performance and computational efficiency. The study aims to support security authorities, such as the Federal Highway Police, in analyzing and recording occurrences, strengthening the construction of a robust and reliable database for filling out the Traffic Accident Report.
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